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In a report published Monday, the Lovenstein Institute of Scranton,
Pennsylvania detailed its findings of a four-month study of the intelligence
quotient of President George W. Bush. Since 1973, the Lovenstein Institute
has published its research to the education community on each new president,
which includes the famous "IQ" report among others.
According to statements in the report, there have been twelve presidents
over the past 50 years, from F. D. Roosevelt to G. W. Bush, who were all
rated based on scholarly achievements, writings that they alone produced
without aid of staff, their ability to speak with clarity, and several other
psychological factors which were then scored in the Swanson/Crain system of
intelligence ranking.
The study determined the following IQs of each president as accurate to
within five percentage points:
147 Franklin D. Roosevelt (D)
132 Harry Truman (D)
122 Dwight D. Eisenhower (r)
174 John F. Kennedy (D)
126 Lyndon B. Johnson (D)
155 Richard M. Nixon (r)
121 Gerald Ford (r)
175 James E. Carter (D)
105 Ronald Reagan (r)
098 George HW Bush, Sr (r)
182 William J. Clinton (D)
091 George W. Bush, Jr (r)
The six Republican presidents of the past 50 years had an average IQ of
115.5, with President Nixon having the highest IQ, at 155. President G.W.
Bush was rated the lowest of all the Republicans with an IQ of 91. The six
Democrat presidents had IQs with an average of 156, with President Clinton
having the highest IQ, at 182. President Lyndon B. Johnson was rated the
lowest of all the Democrats with an IQ of 126. No president other than
Carter (D) has released his actual IQ, 176.
Among comments made concerning the specific testing of President G. W. Bush,
his low ratings were due to his apparent difficulty to command the English
language in public statements, his limited use of vocabulary (6,500 words
for Bush versus an average of 11,000 words for other presidents), his lack
of scholarly achievements other than a basic MBA, and an absence of any body
of work which could be studied on an intellectual basis. The complete report
documents the methods and procedures used to arrive at these ratings,
including depth of sentence structure and voice stress confidence analysis.
"All the Presidents prior to George W. Bush had a least one book under their
belt, and most had written several white papers during their education or
early careers. Not so with President Bush," Dr. Lovenstein said. "He has no
published works or writings, so in many ways that made it more difficult to
arrive at an assessment. We had to rely more heavily on transcripts of his
unscripted public speaking."
The Lovenstein Institute of Scranton Pennsylvania think tank includes high
caliber historians, psychiatrists, sociologists, scientists in human
behavior, and psychologists. Among their ranks are Dr. Werner R.
Lovenstein, world-renowned sociologist, and Professor Patricia F. Dilliams,
a world-respected psychiatrist.
This study was commissioned on February 13, 2001 and released on July 9,
2001 to subscribing member universities and organizations within the
education community.
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